Fixtures releasing lead >1 ppb occurred in >90% of schools and represented 58% of first draws and 33% of 30-s flushed samples. The rule establishes a new threshold of 10 parts per billion, that when exceeded, requires more and rapid implementation of corrosion control treatment to. We determined a school-wide 90th percentile of 10 ppb closely approximated this clustering of problem fixtures and were able to identify schools with problem fixtures using the five-sample results with a confidence >90%. Approximately 90% of fixtures with lead >15 ppb were clustered in 34% of schools. We observed that 12% of fixtures had first draw lead >15 ppb and 3% after a 30 s flushing. These amendments will bolster the implementation of the Lead and Copper Rule for monitoring, treatment processes, public education, customer awareness, and lead. Using the Massachusetts Lead in School Drinking Water Database, we explored the application of the LCRR sampling approach and provide insight into the magnitude and distribution of lead in water in Massachusetts public schools. However, the United States Environmental Protection Agency does not define school-wide lead risk or provide clear guidance on how results should be interpreted. Furthermore, systems with LSLs will need to develop a replacement program depending on lead compliance sample concentrations. These revisions include testing drinking. This was a significant effort by the Agency over the past decade to revise the 1991 Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) as several significant problems and implementation issues had become apparent since the 1991 LCR was finalized. The Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) include, for the first time, a five-sample lead testing requirement for all elementary schools. On Tuesday, 12/22, EPA released the final Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR). The first compliance milestone with the revisions is the Lead Service Line Inventory (LSLI). During the next two years, TDEC will be incorporating new rules regulating lead and copper. Despite public concern, the risk of lead exposure from schools remains poorly understood. On December 16, 2021, EPA announced the next steps to strengthen the regulatory framework on lead in drinking water.
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